Introduction
In today’s fast-paced world, temperature-sensitive goods like perishable foods, pharmaceuticals, and certain industrial products require secure and reliable storage solutions. Refrigerated containers, often referred to as “reefers,” are essential for preserving the integrity of these items during storage and transportation.
At Aztec Container, we offer a variety of refrigerated and insulated container options designed to meet the diverse needs of businesses across industries. Below, we explore the different types of refrigerated containers available and their unique features.
What Are Refrigerated Containers?
Refrigerated containers, also known as “reefers,” are climate-controlled shipping containers designed to transport temperature-sensitive goods across the globe. The first version of a “reefer” was developed in 1925 specifically for transporting ice cream, making them even older than modern standardized shipping containers.
Today’s reefers are highly advanced and can maintain temperatures ranging from -85°F (-65°C) to 104°F (40°C). This precise climate control allows businesses to keep products like fresh produce, meats, pharmaceuticals, and certain chemicals in prime condition.
Consider trying to ship fresh salmon from Alaska to Florida without refrigeration—it would quickly turn into an unmanageable (and smelly) problem! Reefer containers solve this issue by enabling the safe and efficient transport of perishable items over long distances.
Here are some of the top benefits of transporting and storing goods using reefer containers:
- Product Quality: Goods remain fresh and safe throughout the journey, no matter how far they travel.
- Regulatory Compliance: Many products require strict transportation regulations that demand a controlled environment, which reefers provide.
- Waste Reduction: By preventing spoilage, reefers significantly reduce waste, saving both money and resources.
- Market Expansion: Producers can reach new markets, and consumers enjoy a wider product selection year-round.
How Refrigerated Containers Work?
Reefer containers are specialized shipping containers equipped with built-in refrigeration systems. These systems are powered by connecting to the power source of shipping vessels or trucks. Understanding the different power supply options is essential as voltage requirements and costs can vary.
Three-Phase (3-Phase) Reefers
- Voltage: Typically ranges between 440V and 460V, commonly used in the U.S. and worldwide.
- Use Case: Ideal for large-scale operations such as major ports or distribution centers with reliable three-phase power availability.
- Cost Consideration: While the running cost is higher than single-phase reefers, the purchase price is lower. They are most suitable for long-term and high-frequency use.
Single-Phase Reefers
- Voltage: Operates generally between 208V and 230V, typically a modified version of standard three-phase reefers.
- Use Case: Best for smaller operations or remote sites where three-phase power is unavailable. Also used for retail applications.
- Cost Consideration: Initial cost is higher as these are modified versions of three-phase units. However, they are economical for low-frequency use.
Genset-Equipped Reefers
- Voltage: Provides backup power for various voltage requirements.
- Use Case: Best for transporting temperature-sensitive goods over long distances or in unpredictable travel conditions.
- Cost Consideration: Higher upfront cost due to the additional genset, but ensures temperature control during power interruptions.
Temperature Maintenance
Reefers maintain the temperature of the products but do not actively cool them.
- Example: If you load ice cream at 40°F into a reefer set at 20°F, the ice cream will remain at 40°F.
- Solution: Pre-cool the products to the desired temperature before loading.
Humidity Control
Different cargos require different humidity levels. Reefers are equipped with dehumidification features to maintain optimal humidity.
- Standard: 60%-85%, with some units capable of maintaining as low as 50%.
- Example: Chocolate requires 50% humidity to prevent condensation and mold.
Ventilation
Ventilation is essential for goods like fruits and vegetables that emit ethylene gas, which accelerates ripening. Adjustable ventilation systems circulate fresh air and release excess gases.
- Ventilation Rate: Adjustable from 0 to 260 cubic meters per hour.
Drainage
Sophisticated drainage systems remove excess water and prevent external water or insects from entering the container, keeping the cargo safe and intact.
What are Refrigerated Containers Used For?
Types of Refrigerated Containers
1. 20-Foot Refrigerated Containers
The 20-foot refrigerated container is a compact and versatile solution for transporting temperature-sensitive goods. With a capacity of approximately 28 cubic meters, it is ideal for small to medium-sized shipments.
Key Features:
- Temperature Control: Maintains a consistent internal temperature between -25°C to +25°C, suitable for frozen and chilled products.
- Energy Efficiency: Equipped with advanced cooling technology to minimize energy consumption during transport.
- Compact Size: Easy to handle and maneuver, making it ideal for smaller cargo loads or limited storage spaces.
These containers are commonly used for transporting fresh produce, dairy products, and pharmaceuticals over shorter distances or where space is limited.
2. 40-Foot Refrigerated Containers
For larger shipments, the 40-foot refrigerated container is the go-to choice. With double the length of the 20-foot version, it provides a capacity of approximately 58 cubic meters, making it perfect for bulk transport.
Key Features:
- Enhanced Capacity: Accommodates larger volumes of goods, reducing the need for multiple containers.
- Wide Temperature Range: Capable of maintaining temperatures between -25°C to +25°C.
- Durability: Built to withstand long-haul transportation and challenging environmental conditions.
These containers are widely used for international shipping of frozen foods, seafood, and other perishable goods requiring precise temperature control over extended periods.
3. 20-Foot Insulated Containers
The 20-foot insulated container is an excellent option for goods that need to stay cool but do not require active refrigeration. These containers are designed with insulated walls to maintain a steady internal temperature without external cooling units.
Key Features:
- Insulated Walls: Keeps goods cool for longer durations without active temperature control.
- Cost-Effective: Suitable for less temperature-sensitive items, reducing overall shipping costs.
- Compact Design: Similar to the 20-foot refrigerated container, it’s ideal for smaller loads.
These containers are perfect for goods like chocolate, wine, and certain pharmaceuticals that need protection from extreme temperature fluctuations.
4. 40-Foot Insulated Containers
The 40-foot insulated container offers the same insulation benefits as its 20-foot counterpart but with significantly more capacity. This container is ideal for businesses needing to ship larger quantities of goods requiring passive temperature maintenance.
Key Features:
- Large Volume: Provides ample space for bulk shipments.
- Temperature Stability: Maintains a consistent temperature without active refrigeration.
- Durability: Designed to endure harsh shipping conditions and long journeys.
These containers are often used for transporting goods like packaged beverages, canned foods, and other non-perishable items that require a controlled environment.
Best Practices for Loading and Unloading Refrigerated Containers
Refrigerated containers, or reefers, are designed to maintain a specific temperature tailored to the cargo’s needs—whether cooling or warming—but do not actively cool the products themselves. To ensure your temperature-sensitive goods remain in prime condition, it’s crucial to follow proper loading and unloading procedures:
1. Pre-Cooling
- Pre-cool the container to the required temperature before loading. This ensures the cargo is placed into an environment that immediately meets its temperature requirements.
2. Proper Stacking and Airflow
- Stack goods strategically, avoiding overloading. Ensure proper airflow by leaving gaps between the cargo and container walls.
- Use pallets or racks to keep goods off the floor, allowing uniform air circulation.
3. Quick Loading and Unloading
- Minimize the container’s door-open time to prevent temperature fluctuations.
- Plan and organize the loading/unloading process to reduce delays and exposure to external conditions.
Maintenance and Caring for Refrigerated Containers
Refrigerated containers endure harsh conditions, including rough ocean voyages and variable climates. Regular maintenance is critical to ensure operational efficiency and to avoid costly repairs.
Common Types of Damage
Reefer containers often face these five issues:
- Physical Damage: Occurs during loading/unloading; handles containers with care.
- Infestation: Rodents, insects, and pests can enter if not properly secured.
- Contamination: Chemical spills can compromise the cargo and container.
- Component Failure: Malfunctions in refrigeration units or electrical systems.
- Environmental Damage: Exposure to extreme weather conditions can degrade container integrity.
Routine Maintenance Tips:
- Cleaning
- Clean the interior and exterior of the container after every use to prevent contamination and maintain hygiene.
- Seal Leaks and Cracks
- Inspect and repair door seals, cracks, and other structural damage to maintain insulation.
- Monitoring and Record Keeping
- Regularly check temperature logs and maintain service records for proactive maintenance and compliance.
The Future of Refrigerated Containers in Logistics
With technology and sustainability working like a magic wand, the future of reefer containers looks bright and chilled! Here’s how innovation is transforming this industry:
- IoT Integration: IoT (Internet of Things) devices have made managing reefer containers much easier. Logistics professionals now have real-time data at their fingertips, enabling them to remotely adjust temperature and humidity to meet specific cargo needs. Additionally, they can track the exact location of containers, ensuring the cargo remains safe every step of the way.
- Blockchain Technology: Blockchain enhances transparency and traceability in the supply chain. Customers can access real-time updates on the exact status and location of their shipments. This adds an extra layer of security and builds confidence that goods are safe from origin to destination.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI has become a powerful ally in reefer logistics. By analyzing data from IoT sensors, AI can detect and resolve potential issues early. It also optimizes routes and proactively adjusts temperatures based on cargo requirements, acting like an extra set of hands to safeguard cargo quality.
- Eco-Friendly Refrigerants: With rising environmental concerns, logistics companies are shifting to eco-friendly refrigerants. Unlike traditional refrigerants that emit greenhouse gases, these options minimize harmful impacts and reduce carbon footprints, helping businesses grow sustainably without overburdening the environment.
- Energy Efficiency: Developments like solar-powered reefer units and improved insulation systems significantly reduce energy consumption. Harnessing the power of nature is proving to be a real game-changer for the industry.
These innovations are propelling the logistics industry to new heights, making reefer containers smarter and more environmentally friendly than ever before.
Conclusion
Reefer containers are not just for keeping things cold; they are an essential part of the global supply chain. With Aztec, you can fully leverage their benefits. Equipped with the right knowledge, these containers support your commitment to high-quality service and reliable deliveries while keeping your cargo safe and fresh.
Today’s consumers demand fresh and safe products delivered directly to their doorstep. Understanding the best practices for reefer containers—such as maintenance, compliance, and tech upgrades—can significantly enhance your company’s reputation and reliability.
Ready to find the perfect refrigerated container for your business? Contact Aztec Container to learn more about our range of products and how they can support your storage and transportation needs. Our team of experts is here to guide you every step of the way.
FAQs
- What is the average cost of a refrigerated container?
The cost of a refrigerated container varies depending on size, features, and condition. A new 20-foot reefer typically ranges from $10,000 to $30,000, while used models may be significantly cheaper.
- How long can refrigerated containers maintain a stable temperature?
Refrigerated containers can maintain stable temperatures for weeks, provided they are connected to a reliable power source or equipped with a functioning generator during transit.
- What are the most common industries using refrigerated containers?
The food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries are the largest users of refrigerated containers due to their need for precise temperature control.
- How do refrigerated containers differ from standard containers?
Unlike standard containers, refrigerated containers are equipped with insulation and cooling systems to maintain specific temperature ranges, making them ideal for perishable goods.
- What maintenance tips are crucial for refrigerated containers?
Regularly inspect refrigeration systems, monitor refrigerant levels, and clean air filters to ensure optimal performance. Using IoT-enabled tools for real-time monitoring can also prevent unexpected issues.
